What ARIA and screenreaders are?

Screen readers are software programs that provide assistive technologies that allow people with disabilities (such as no sight, sound or mouse-ing ability) to use web applications. You can make your sites more accessible by following ARIA standards such as semantic HTML, alt attributes and using [role=button] in the expected ways

The example without ARIA attributes:

<!-- This is a tabs widget. How would you know, looking only at the markup? -->
<ol>
  <li id="ch1Tab">
    <a href="#ch1Panel">Chapter 1</a>
  </li>
  <li id="ch2Tab">
    <a href="#ch2Panel">Chapter 2</a>
  </li>
  <li id="quizTab">
    <a href="#quizPanel">Quiz</a>
  </li>
</ol>

<div>
  <div id="ch1Panel">Chapter 1 content goes here</div>
  <div id="ch2Panel">Chapter 2 content goes here</div>
  <div id="quizPanel">Quiz content goes here <button>Start</button></div>
</div>

And the example with ARIA attributes:

<!-- Now *these* are Tabs! -->
<!-- We've added role attributes to describe the tab list and each tab. -->
<ol role="tablist">
  <li id="ch1Tab" role="tab">
    <a href="#ch1Panel">Chapter 1</a>
  </li>
  <li id="ch2Tab" role="tab">
    <a href="#ch2Panel">Chapter 2</a>
  </li>
  <li id="quizTab" role="tab">
    <a href="#quizPanel">Quiz</a>
  </li>
</ol>

<div>
  <!-- Notice the role and aria-labelledby attributes we've added to describe these panels. -->
  <div id="ch1Panel" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="ch1Tab">
    Chapter 1 content goes here
  </div>
  <div id="ch2Panel" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="ch2Tab">
    Chapter 2 content goes here
  </div>
  <div id="quizPanel" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="quizTab">
    Quiz content goes here
    <button role="button">Start</button>
  </div>
</div>